viernes, mayo 08, 2009
Tiempo de calor, tiempo de insectos
viernes, mayo 01, 2009
¿Cuál es el origen del virus de influenza A H1N1?
Virus’s Tangled Genes Straddle Continents, Raising a Mystery About Its Origins
The flu that is moving through humans appears to have a combination of genes from two normally separate sets of pigs, those from the Americas and from Eurasia, scientists say.
However, it is unknown how those pigs met, and there is not yet any genetic proof that this particular flu was ever in a pig.
And, despite current fears, some geneticists feel this strain may not be very deadly. As it circulates in humans, however, especially in the Southern Hemisphere winter, it could pick up dangerous human flu genes.
The only way to be sure, they say, is to wait and see. But world health authorities hope to have a vaccine soon that will put a stop to the flu’s circulation.
The first conundrum — a swine-type virus that has not yet been found in swine — is readily explained, scientists said. It was first identified in humans just last week, when Canadian and American authorities realized that the flus they had sequenced from sick people in California, Texas and Mexico were the same. No one ever tested pigs for it before, and those tests are just getting under way.
Such quirks are common in disease genetics. In the 1980s, for example, it was not known that the AIDS virus was sweeping Africa because the illness was first found in a few gay men in California, and it took years to find the source virus in chimpanzees.
Now, scientists say, the hunt is on for what is jokingly being called Pig Zero.
“No one that I’m aware of has swabbed pigs for this yet,” Dr. Juan Lubroth, chief of veterinary investigations for the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, said Wednesday.
An international team, including Dr. Lubroth’s investigators and some from the World Organization for Animal Health, is in Mexico, planning to go to La Gloria, the location of the first known case involving a human, 5-year-old Édgar Hernández.
Mexican investigators have already visually inspected herds of pigs at the vast factory farms there, Dr. Lubroth said. But a flu strain that sickens humans may not bother pigs, just as the H5N1 avian flu kills chickens but usually not ducks.
It will take some time to swab the pigs’ snouts, fly the samples to a world-class laboratory and sequence it. And even then, Dr. Lubroth said, the La Gloria pigs may not be the key, so his team will scour Mexico’s library of routine swine swabs for matches. The only viral sequences on public databases thus far are human.
The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced last week that the new virus had pieces of North American swine, bird and human flus and of Eurasian swine flu. Although rumors questioning that are circulating on the Internet, most geneticists believe it is correct.
It is essentially a blend of Eurasian swine flu and North American swine flu, but Western hemisphere strains have had an avian segment on the PB2 gene for at least 10 years and a human component on the PB1 gene since 1993, said Henry L. Niman, a biochemist who tracks flu mutations. “The original report is correct,” Dr. Niman said of the C.D.C.’s analysis. The rumors, he added in an e-mail message, stem from “someone who really doesn’t know how to analyze sequences (or is being misquoted.)”
It presumably is in pigs somewhere, perhaps in Mexico. The 1918 human H1N1 established itself in pigs by 1930. But, as Dr. Niman pointed out, it could be only in humans now — or even in a ferret.
The next question, said Dr. Robert G. Webster, a virologist at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, is: “How did this virus get in? Is Mexico importing swine from Europe?”
While movement of live pigs between Canada, the United States and Mexico for fattening and slaughter is routine, legal movement of pigs across oceans is rare. Pigs carry many diseases, so importation requires expensive tests and quarantines. The only reason to bother would be for breeding, not meat.
Even pig semen is restricted, said Kent Parker, swine facility manager at the University of California, Davis. “The boars have to be tested and the facility they live in has to be authorized,” Mr. Parker said. Frozen semen can transmit blue-ear pig disease, he said. It cannot transmit flu, said a spokeswoman for the National Pork Board.
Peter Daszak, president of the Wildlife Trust, found records showing that Mexico imported two pigs from France in 2007, the United States imported a few from Britain and Ireland, and Canada imported hundreds from Europe. “And surely this isn’t the whole truth,” he said. “There must be a hidden illegal trade.”
While some scientists looking at the virus genome debated its origin, Peter Palese, chairman of microbiology at Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, found cause for optimism about the future. All the pandemic viruses of the last century — the 1918, 1957 and 1968 flus — had a mutation in the gene coding for a protein known as PB1-F2 that is thought to make a virus more lethal. The mutation, he said, is not in the new strain.
Dr. Niman, looking at the same sequences, saw a mutation that, at the same position in H5N1, appeared to speed the virus’s spread in Egypt.
jueves, febrero 12, 2009
Darwin y el quinto simio, nosotros
jueves, septiembre 25, 2008
domingo, septiembre 21, 2008
El Corpus Clock de John Taylor
viernes, agosto 29, 2008
Francia y Alemania prohiben pesticidas relacionados con muerte de abejas
In light of recent European bans of a pesticide linked to Bee Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), at least one key bee expert is calling for a ban of the same pesticide in the United States.
“In the United States, drastic action is needed,” says Canadian geneticist Joe Cummins, explaining that U.S. farmers and beekeepers shouldn’t have to wait for more evidence or for an air-tight explanation for the complex syndrome, which threatens one in every third bite of food in the United States. Now most apiarists and scientists realize that pesticides are a factor in CCD, he says.
Cummins’ remarks, in an interview with GreenRightNow, come less than a month after Germany’s ban of clothianidin, a pesticide commonly used to keep insects off of corn crops. Germany banned the pesticide after heaps of dead bees were found near fields of corn coated in the pesticide, and in response to scientists who report that the insecticide severely impairs, and often kills, the honeybees that corn and other crops depend on for pollination.
The German government took the extraordinary action to protect bees and other essential pollinators, stating that there is now enough compelling evidence connecting the chemical to Bee Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) in that country.
The ban also will likely fuel the European debate over genetically modified food, which involves treating crop seeds to resist harm from pesticide treatments. Critics of such modified foods say they are harming the environment, and have unknown human consequences, for little or no crop gain. Some scientists in Europe have called for their ban.
Bee Colony Collapse has been threatening bees, and the crops they serve, around the world for the past several years.
In other parts of Europe, including France, studies of other pesticides have shown they are negatively impacting bee behavior – and contributing to the collapse of entire bee colonies. France has outlawed the use of the pesticide imidacloprid — which like clothianidin is classed as a “neonicotinoid.” Imidacloprid has been linked to disoriented behavior in honeybees – and may help explain why many CCD cases result in abandoned hives.
“I think the Environmental Protection Agency would be well advised to put an immediate emergency ban on the neonicotinoid seed-treatment pesticides. I would say on all pesticides,” says Cummins.
The ban in Germany, and Cummins’ call for a U.S. ban, should be no surprise to the EPA. The agency’s own fact sheet on clothianidin shows that it has known of the dangers to bees since it conditionally approved the chemical in 2003.
martes, agosto 12, 2008
lunes, julio 28, 2008
La farsa del ojo y su "diseño inteligente"

Caminando el otro día por el Centro de la Ciudad de México, me asombré al ver en una vitrina de una librería evangélica que vendían libros sobre diseño inteligente, y por eso creo a sus partidarios esta noticia no les gustará mucho.
Ellos afirman que Dios es perfecto y por eso crea cosas perfectas, complejas, que solo alguien divino pudo diseñar, algo tan delicado como el ojo. Pero los biólogos evolucionistas saben que el proceso de la evolución es uno de prueba y error, es decir, no hay nada perfecto en la naturaleza, de hecho el 99% de las especies que han poblado el planeta están ahora extintas. La naturaleza más que inteligente es oportunista, busca nichos ecológicos que llenar. Por eso es que en Africa existen antilopes, en Europa ciervos y en Australia canguros.
Pero esa enorme diversidad biológica tiene un precio: que las especies no son perfectas, y menos sus tejidos. Por ello es que recientes investigaciones han encontrado que las retinas de los vertebrados están colocadas al revés de como deberían. Por ello tenemos puntos ciegos en nuestro campo de visión. A pesar de ello, nuestros ojos sirven, aunque no son perfectos, pero a la evolución no le interesa la perfección, le interesa la funcionalidad. Así que el organo estrella del creacionismo o del diseño inteligente no es tan inteligentemente diseñado como pensaban.
Pobre Dios, solo lo hacen quedar mal quienes osan hablar por él la mayoría de las veces. Pero si es que Dios existe no creo que le interese crear ojos perfectos o especies perfectas, lo que le interesa es esa inperfección, y ver como a pesar y con ella, la ley evolutiva que quizá diseñó con todo y fallas, fabrica maravillas....
domingo, julio 20, 2008
Cientos de pinguinos muertos aparecen en playas de Rio de Janeiro
July 18, 2008 -- Hundreds of baby penguins swept from the icy shores of Antarctica and Patagonia are washing up dead on Rio de Janeiro's tropical beaches, rescuers and penguin experts said Friday.
More than 400 penguins, most of them young, have been found dead on the beaches of Rio de Janeiro state over the past two months, according to Eduardo Pimenta, superintendent for the state coastal protection and environment agency in the resort city of Cabo Frio.
While it is common here to find some penguins -- both dead and alive -- swept by strong ocean currents from the Strait of Magellan, Pimenta said there have been more this year than at any time in recent memory.
Rescuers and those who treat penguins are divided over the possible causes....
lunes, junio 30, 2008
Osos bajan a Monterrey porque tienen sed
El agua, por eso han bajado los osos a la ciudad, por sed y quizá hambre. Ojalá les lleven agua y aunque sea unos pollos a la sierra. Copio de El País:Alerta, oso en las calles de Monterrey
EFE - Monterrey - 01/07/2008
La sequía que azota el noreste de México ha motivado que una treintena de osos negros se paseen por la zona metropolitana de Monterrey en busca de agua y comida, informaron ayer fuentes del Ayuntamiento.
“Cerca de tres decenas de osos han bajado de la Sierra Madre Oriental en el último mes", precisó Gustavo Sepúlveda, director del Parque La Pastora, el zoológico de Monterrey. En las últimas semanas se ha visto a los plantígrados tomando agua en piscinas, en el interior de casas e incluso en granjas de los barrios de Monterrey. Sepúlveda señaló que se estudia llevar agua a algunas zonas de la Sierra Madre Oriental para evitar que los osos sigan bajando a la ciudad para subsistir.
Dos han muerto en los últimos días, uno cuando unos ciudadanos trataron de atraparlo y otro atropellado por un vehículo.El oso negro es una especie en peligro de extinción. Cifras extraoficiales calculan que existen entre 500.000 y 750.000 ejemplares en Norteamérica.
jueves, junio 26, 2008
Diputados españoles dan derechos básicos a simios antropoides
Son lo más cercano a nosotros, con cerca de un 98% de semejanza genética. Sienten no sólo dolor y emociones, sino que se pueden reconocer en un espejo, y algunos hasta han aprendido a "hablar" con lenguaje de señas de sordomudos. Son los grandes simios, o los antropoides: gorilas, chimpancés, orangutanes. Y ayer una comisión de la cámara de diputados de España decidió reconocerles derechos básicos, como el derecho a la vida, a la libertad y a vivir sin tortura, y creo está muy bien. Quienes no lo creyeron fueron los diputados conservadores, del Partido Popular. Tienen miedo a la idea de reconocer derechos, y está bien, yo también, los derechos no son dulces, importan, jurídicamente y economicamente, ya que su aplicación o no aplicación puede costar mucho dinero. Pero en el caso de los grandes simios creo la premisa es justa: ¿Deben gorilas, chimpancés ser usados para experimentos médicos dolorosos? Creo que no, pero creo que sí gatos o conejos. Los fundamentalistas de los derechos de los animales ya no me acusarán de especeismo (su nueva bandera de batalla contra todo lo que sea humanismo) pero quizá de simiocentrismo, pero sí, prefiero que un gato pueda sufrir, para evitar que sufran no solo gorilas o chimpancés, sino humanos. Es un calculo utilitarista, basado en un análisis de costo beneficio, pero creo que sí, los medicamentos deben probarse, pero prefiero sea en mamíferos mucho menos complejos que simios, como en ratones, gatos o conejos.
Creo que los conservadores tienen razones para dudar, y es bueno, la duda es el inicio de la inteligencia, pero bien podían haber estado de acuerdo en no se usan los grandes simios en circos. En México ya hace unos años se pasó una ley similar, pero se prohibió el uso de delfines nuevos en más espectáculos o de capturarlos para ese fin. Los acuarios que hay son los que habrán, y si se mueren los delfines que tiene no se repondrán, aunque hay empresas que tratan de burlar la ley. ¿Por qué se decidió eso? Porque los delfines, como los grandes simios, también son mamíferos superiores, con cerebros complejos, y no solo sienten dolor, tienen conciencia de quienes son como muchos experimentos han demostrado.
Así que reconocer derechos basicos a los mamíferos superiores no es gran cosa y sí es gran cosa. Es solo el estirar un poco la protección de una mínima ética a nuestros primos más cercanos, y si somos cristianos, estoy seguro que Jesús hubiera considerado a delfines, gorilas, oranguntanes... como prójimos...
miércoles, junio 18, 2008
Los mares rebosan de medusas signo de su muerte






Es terrible, pero ante la intensa pesca industrial (de atunes hasta tiburones), las medusas se quedan sin quien se las coma, y como fantasmas que buscan adueñarse de un mundo que no es suyo empiezan a llenar todo el océano, invadiendolo sin que nada ofrezca resistencia. Copio de lo que dice en marzo Rigorous Intuition:
The Deep Ones
I could not but feel that some noxious marine mind had declared a war of extermination upon all the solid ground - HP Lovecraft, The Crawling Chaos
Narrating the IMAX documentary Deep Sea, Johnny Depp's first words are to assure us we're not watching science fiction, and the creatures are not from another planet. The creatures are jellyfish, and the assurance that this is our own world fails to comfort me. Their biomass now surpasses ocean vertebrates, and are found in staggering quantities where they have never been seen in number before, because we have sickened the waters with overfishing and the climate is trending towards conditions unseen since the Carboniferous Era.
Complexity is the product of cooling, a process observable on every order of scale. The world we recognize and of which we're a part is the product of a climate mild enough to encourage diversity and intricacy. Brainless and simple jellies thrive in warm waters, and catastrophic warming means devolution of the seas back into primordial soups. The new plague of jellies appears as a harbinger of the end of the world we know from out of the world we didn't: from out of Deep Time. From slime, back to slime.
Billions of luminescent mauve stingers, "in a dense pack of about 10 square miles and 35 feet deep," wiped out Northern Ireland's only salmon farm last November. "In 30 years, I've never seen anything like it," said Northern Salmon's Managing Director John Russell. "It was unprecedented, absolutely amazing. The sea was red with these jelly fish and there was nothing we could do about it, absolutely nothing." This is more than three months old and you may have already forgotten the report, but is there a rival to this horror in all of Lovecraft's fiction? More than three months on and I still can't shake it, and it's at least worthy of the signs and wonders of a blind idiot god.
Translucent, mutable and iridescent, 98% water and almost entirely not there, a jelly is perhaps as close to a phantom as a creature can be and yet still belong to the material realm. In this respect at least it transcends the material, and gives great metaphor for the ineffable and alien yet familiar Other. Which may partly account for why they're seen these days in even less likely places than off the coast of Ireland...."
Hoy Current News agrega más terrible evidencia lo que algo terrible sucediendo en el océano:
The dramatic proliferation of jellyfish in oceans around the world, driven by overfishing and climate change, is a sure sign of ecosystems out of kilter, warn experts.
"Jellyfish are an excellent bellwether for the environment," explains Jacqueline Goy, of the Oceanographic Institute of Paris. "The more jellyfish, the stronger the signal that something has changed."
Brainless creatures composed almost entirely of water, the primitive animals have quietly filled a vacuum created by the voracious human appetite for fish.
Dislodging them will be difficult, marine biologists say.
"Jellyfish have come to occupy the place of many other species," notes Ricardo Aguilar, research director for Oceana, a international conservation organisation....
sábado, junio 14, 2008
Las ballenas cantan por amor
sábado, junio 07, 2008
¿El fin del toreo?
Es un texto largo, copio un fragmento:
Bullfighting Is Dead! Long Live the Bullfight!
José Tomás performing last year in Algeciras, Spain. His grace and artistry - some would call it savagery - make him wildly popular with the fans.
It was the time of Las Fallas, the annual spring festival in Valencia. Giant papier-mâché cartoon floats of Sinbad and Snow White and troupes of amateur dancers with lacquered hair and sequined outfits jammed the old city squares. Spanish matrons and women in evening dresses joined the teenagers and the men in business suits thronging the plaza de toros. The matador José Tomás had come to fight.
By 5 o’clock a mob toting slim, white plastic seat cushions had jammed onto the cement benches of the arena. I was there, like everyone else, to see José Tomás, and found myself sandwiched between an elderly, rheumy-eyed Valencian in a porkpie hat and a bullfighting announcer for Spanish television on a busman’s holiday from Madrid who was working a thick stogie. The smells of wet clay, manure and sand gave way to after-shave and cigar smoke.
José Tomás Román Martín — fans call him by his double-barreled first name, José Tomás, or just Tomás — is a mystical figure in Spain. Quixotic, prone to public squabbling with bullfighting’s notoriously sleazy promoters and rarely given to speaking to the media, he keeps largely apart from his fellow matadors and fights much more infrequently than they do. His remoteness, in one respect, speaks to bullfighting’s disengagement with a growing segment of Spain, though his artistry and grace, along with his fearlessness (it shocks other matadors), make him a figure of widespread fascination. The contradiction seems to encapsulate something deep in the Spanish psyche.
The announcement of his appearance in Valencia caused a scramble across the country for tickets, and old Spain, the Spain that still loves bullfighting, turned out in full. When Mariano Rajoy, the head of Spain’s conservative Popular Party, who had just lost the election to the Socialist José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, entered the arena, he received a thunderous ovation, something that didn’t much happen to him out on the campaign trail. “He will yet be the ruin of Zapatero!” murmured a red-faced man, to no one in particular. I spotted Tomás’s father a few seats over — short, gray-haired, bespectacled, in crew-neck sweater and slacks, staring anxiously into space. Everyone now stood, expectant. Then a brass band struck up; the matadors, after first crossing themselves, paraded into the ring behind white horses; and the crowd finally settled down to wait for José Tomás.
AS SPAIN GOES, so goes toreo, or bullfighting. That’s the old adage. During the 1940s, Manolete was a matador of stoic gravity, reflecting the rueful mood of a country coming out of bloody civil war under a dictatorship. During the 1960s, the mop-topped El Cordobés, a hot-dog and a rule breaker in the ring, personified the opening up of the nation after years of isolation. In the ’90s, Espartaco was called a technocrat for a technocratic era. This sort of metaphor is glib, but there is nonetheless something to the notion that you can read Spain through bullfighting.
Today, along with José Tomás, a variety of other gifted matadors have emerged — among them Enrique Ponce, El Juli, Cayetano Rivera Ordóñez, Morante de la Puebla, Juan Bautista, Miguel Ángel Perera — at precisely a moment when the country apparently cares less than ever about what they do. It’s also revealing of Spain’s curious divide between indifference and fascination that several of the more flamboyant and handsome toreros (bullfighters) occupy the gossip pages the way Spanish soccer stars do.
But first things first. Aficionados will rightly tell you that toreo is not a sport; in Spanish newspapers, it is never featured on the sports pages. Sport implies a fair fight between willing opponents. Except in the unusual case that a bull is spared for having shown exceptional bravery in the ring, all the bulls die. Even in Portugal, where bulls aren’t killed in the ring, they are killed afterward, a hypocrisy that spares the spectator but not the animal. Every lidia — an individual bullfight between a bull and a matador — is a ritual orchestrated to injure and then exhaust the animal so that it can be more easily killed. Whatever that is (and opponents call it torture), it’s not sporting.
sábado, mayo 24, 2008
¿Clinton sugiere asesinato de Obama?
Esta noticia me recordó otra, recientemente publicada en Inglaterra: cuervos que se juntan y pican a becerros hasta la muerte, para luego devorarlos. A estas tetricas aves ya no les gusta la carroña y los insectos, ahora matan becerros... Copio del Daily Mail:
'High in the darkening sky, a flock of enormous ravens swoop and swirl - narrow black wings stretched wide, heads protruding forward and huge hairy beaks scything through the air.
Every few minutes they let out deep, throaty, honking calls as they soar effortlessly, circling around until, finally, they spot their prey and swoop.
But forget dormice, voles or even small furry rabbits; these sinister looking birds are feasting on something far larger - newborn lambs.
And instead of hanging around for a few discarded bones or a forgotten carcass to pick and claw at, they've started killing live farm animals - by pecking them to death, in horrific scenes reminiscent of Daphne du Maurier's The Birds, turned by Alfred Hitchcock into one of the most chilling movies of all time.
Throughout Britain, traumatised farmers have reported a sudden and disturbing rise in the number of livestock being attacked by ravens.
domingo, mayo 18, 2008
¿Existen los monstruos?

Si a veces hay noticias que sin embargo no tienen explicación. Encontré que en la edición inglesa de Wikipedia existe un artículo dedicado al Bloop, un extraño sonido captado por el gobierno americano en las costa estes de América del Sur, que parece que proviene de un gran animal, pero no saben cuál, porque tendría que ser mayor que una ballena azul. En el artículo está hasta el sonido que grabó la agencia de océanos de Estados Unidos. Si no es cuento, al menos suena interesante. Copio:
The Bloop is the name given to an ultra-low frequency underwater sound detected by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration several times during the summer of 1997. The source of the sound remains unknown.
The sound, traced to somewhere around
domingo, mayo 04, 2008
Signo #8 del regreso a la Edad Media
Camel demand soars in India
By Jo Johnson in New Delhi
Published: May 2 2008 19:05 | Last updated: May 2 2008 19:05
Farmers in the Indian state of Rajasthan are rediscovering the humble camel.
As the cost of running gas-guzzling tractors soars, even-toed ungulates are making a comeback, raising hopes that a fall in the population of the desert state’s signature animal can be reversed.
martes, marzo 25, 2008
Mueren los murcielagos, nadie sabe porqué
Bats Perish, and No One Knows Why
Virus? Bacteria? Toxin? Scientists are racing to diagnose a syndrome that is threatening an entire species.
- More From Science Times: Frogs and Global Warming
viernes, marzo 21, 2008
Los mejores vídeos de You Tube de 2007
domingo, marzo 16, 2008
El vuelo congelado de las aves
Estamos llevando a muchas especies de aves al borde de la extinción. En México es aún común ver la venta ilegal de pericos en los mercados. El creciente urbanismo y conversión de tierras de bosques y selvas para usos agrícolas está empujando a a aves como el aguila arpía al borde de la desaparición. Sin embargo hay gente haciendo algo para salvarlas, como el Dr. Jesús Estudillo, que ha construído durante 40 años un enorme refugio para reproducir aves en peligro como el quetzal.
Para donaciones y más información: www.vida-silvestre.org